2 Chronicles 6:20

In the Old Testament, God's presence was closely associated with the Temple in Jerusalem, symbolizing His dwelling among the Israelites and serving as a focal point for worship and prayer. This physical manifestation underscored the covenant relationship between God and Israel, where the Temple was seen as God's earthly abode.
In contrast, the New Testament introduces a more personal and relational understanding of God. Jesus frequently referred to God as "Father," emphasizing a spiritual and intimate relationship rather than a physical location.

From a Catholic perspective, the Temple of Jerusalem holds profound historical and theological significance. King Solomon initially built it as a central place of worship and the dwelling place of God’s presence among the Israelites. Jesus, deeply connected to the Temple, taught and performed miracles there, viewing it as His “Father’s House” and a sacred space for prayer and worship.

In the New Testament, Jesus predicts the Temple’s destruction and symbolically refers to His body as a new Temple, indicating a shift from a physical structure to a spiritual understanding of God’s presence. This concept is further developed in Christian theology, where the Church and believers themselves are seen as temples of the Holy Spirit, embodying God’s presence on earth through faith and the Eucharist.

Pope Francis emphasizes Jerusalem’s universal spiritual significance, urging it to be seen as a place of encounter and peaceful coexistence among Jews, Christians, and Muslims. This reflects the Catholic view of Jerusalem as a sacred city with deep historical roots and ongoing spiritual relevance.